| How does Agile architecture support business agility at scale? |
By enabling decentralized decision-making and evolutionary design
Agile architecture provides a runway for teams to respond quickly without heavy centralized control.
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| What is the purpose of set-based design in Lean-Agile systems? |
To explore multiple options before committing to a final solution
This reduces risk and enables better-informed decisions late in the development cycle.
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| In Large Scale Scrum (LeSS), what is the function of the Overall Retrospective? |
To reflect on system-level improvements across multiple teams
It encourages broader organizational learning beyond individual teams.
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| Why is system thinking crucial in Agile transformations? |
It ensures optimization of the whole rather than suboptimization of parts
Local improvements can hinder overall flow if not aligned with systemic value delivery.
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| What is the purpose of the Core Protocols in Agile team culture? |
To enhance psychological safety and effective communication
Core Protocols are behaviors that improve trust, accountability, and team health.
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| How do black swan events influence Agile risk strategies? |
By reinforcing the need for resilience over prediction
Agile emphasizes flexibility, making teams more adaptive to unpredictable, high-impact events.
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| What challenge arises from Conway’s Law in scaling Agile? |
Organizational structure can limit product architecture flexibility
Misaligned communication channels can lead to tightly coupled systems and silos.
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| In terms of Agile governance, what is evidence-based management (EBM)? |
A framework using empirical metrics to improve product delivery and organizational outcomes
EBM focuses on goals like time-to-market, customer satisfaction, and innovation rates.
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| Why is “unlearning” important in enterprise Agile adoption? |
Existing beliefs and habits can conflict with Agile mindset and practices
Successful transformation often requires letting go of past management thinking.
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| How does OKR (Objectives & Key Results) complement Agile strategy execution? |
By aligning measurable goals with iterative delivery
OKRs provide clarity and focus, while Agile enables adaptive progress toward them.
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| What is the role of hypothesis-driven development in Agile product management? |
To validate assumptions through experimentation
It reduces risk by testing ideas before scaling them into full features.
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| Why is team cognition considered critical in high-performance Agile teams? |
Shared understanding improves coordination and decision-making
It fosters alignment, situational awareness, and proactive behavior.
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| How does bounded context aid Agile development in complex systems? |
It allows teams to operate independently within well-defined domain boundaries
Bounded contexts reduce coupling and enhance scalability in microservices architectures.
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| What is the purpose of Leading Indicators in Agile metrics? |
To predict future outcomes and guide timely intervention
They help teams and leaders act early before problems escalate.
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| Why is Lean Portfolio Management key in scaling Agile? |
It enables strategic funding and flow-based governance across value streams
LPM replaces project-centric models with adaptive decision-making aligned to business outcomes.
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| Lead Time and Cycle Time | Lead time is the total time it takes from a customer's request to the delivery of the product or service. Cycle time is the time it takes for a team to complete a task or process, starting from when they begin actively working on it. In essence, lead time includes the entire process, while cycle time focuses on the active work phase. |
| Throughput | Throughput is the rate at which a system completes work, often measured as the number of units produced or tasks finished per unit of time. (e.g. 100 Items/hour, 2 features/month, 4 modules per quarter etc…) |
