📬 RabbitMQ vs Azure Service Bus in .NET Core

🛠 Code Examples

RabbitMQ Example

// Install-Package RabbitMQ.Client
using RabbitMQ.Client;
using RabbitMQ.Client.Events;
using System;
using System.Text;

public class RabbitMQExample
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var factory = new ConnectionFactory() { HostName = "localhost" };

        // Publisher
        using var connection = factory.CreateConnection();
        using var channel = connection.CreateModel();
        channel.QueueDeclare("demo-queue", false, false, false, null);

        string message = "Hello from RabbitMQ!";
        var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
        channel.BasicPublish("", "demo-queue", null, body);
        Console.WriteLine($"Sent: {message}");

        // Consumer
        var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
        consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
        {
            var msg = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body.ToArray());
            Console.WriteLine($"Received: {msg}");
        };
        channel.BasicConsume("demo-queue", true, consumer);
        Console.ReadLine();
    }
}
    

Azure Service Bus Example

// Install-Package Azure.Messaging.ServiceBus
using Azure.Messaging.ServiceBus;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class AzureServiceBusExample
{
    private const string connectionString = "<Your-Connection-String>";
    private const string queueName = "demo-queue";

    public static async Task Main()
    {
        await using var client = new ServiceBusClient(connectionString);

        // Sender
        ServiceBusSender sender = client.CreateSender(queueName);
        await sender.SendMessageAsync(new ServiceBusMessage("Hello from Azure Service Bus!"));
        Console.WriteLine("Message sent.");

        // Receiver
        ServiceBusReceiver receiver = client.CreateReceiver(queueName);
        ServiceBusReceivedMessage received = await receiver.ReceiveMessageAsync();
        Console.WriteLine($"Received: {received.Body}");
    }
}
    

📊 Comparison Table

Aspect	RabbitMQ	Azure Service Bus
Deployment	Self-hosted (on-prem, Docker, Kubernetes, or VM)	Fully managed (Azure PaaS)
Protocols	AMQP, MQTT, STOMP, HTTP	AMQP 1.0 only
Scalability	Manual clustering and tuning	Automatic scaling built-in
Reliability	Requires HA setup and persistence	Enterprise-grade with geo-redundancy
Cost	Free (open-source), infra costs apply	Pay-as-you-go Azure pricing

✅ Advantages

RabbitMQ

• Protocol flexibility (AMQP, MQTT, STOMP).
• Open-source and highly customizable.
• Great for hybrid or on-premises systems.

Azure Service Bus

• Fully managed with no infra overhead.
• Supports queues, topics, and subscriptions.
• Enterprise reliability with dead-letter queues.

⚠️ Disadvantages

RabbitMQ

• Requires setup, scaling, and maintenance.
• Eventual consistency, not immediate sync.
• Complex clustering for high availability.

Azure Service Bus

• Vendor lock-in (Azure only).
• Costs can grow with high message volume.
• Higher latency than in-memory brokers.

🧭 Best Practices

• Use durable queues and persistent messages for reliability.
• Implement idempotent consumers to handle retries safely.
• Use dead-letter queues for failed messages.
• Monitor queue health and set alerts for backlog growth.

🔒 Precautions

• Secure connection strings and credentials (Key Vault for Azure).
• Handle transient faults with retries and exponential backoff.
• Test under load to ensure stability.
• Plan for partitioning and scaling strategies.

🎯 Summary

RabbitMQ is best when you need flexibility, multi-protocol support, and control over hosting. Azure Service Bus is ideal when you want a fully managed, enterprise-ready, cloud-native messaging solution. The choice depends on whether you prioritize control or managed reliability.